本文章总结了如何手动、自动修改本地用户密码及远程机器的用户密码。对做自动化测试提供了自动修改用户密码的原理及方法。
修改本地用户密码:
1、交互配置本地用户:以root用户:passwd <username>Changing password for user dewang.New UNIX password: BAD PASSWORD: it is too shortRetype new UNIX password: passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.以非root用户修改自己的密码(注后面不能跟用户名,只有root用户才允许):
passwdChanging password for user dewang.Changing password for dewang(current) UNIX password: New UNIX password: Retype new UNIX password: passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.2、非交互配置本地用户:
echo <newpasswd> | passwd --stdin <username>或echo <username>:<passwd> | chpasswd或将<username>:<passwd>对先写到一文件passwd.tmp中,然后执行chpasswd < passwd.tmp3、自动脚本处理:
根据passwd命令修改用户密码,格式为:xxx.sh <username> <passwd>#!/bin/sh# \exec expect -f "$0" ${1+"$@"}if { $argc != 2 } { puts "Usage: $argv0 <username> <passwd>" exit 1}set password [lindex $argv 1]spawn passwd [lindex $argv 0]sleep 1expect "assword:"send "$password\r"expect "assword:"send "$password\r"expect eof说明:如果要通过shell直接调用expect相关命令,则开头中必须是如下格式,然后后面即可按照expect、TCL格式书写了。#!/bin/sh# \exec expect -f "$0" ${1+"$@"}根据echo <newpasswd> | passwd --stdin <username> 及 echo <username>:<passwd> | chpasswd来修改用户密码:
#!/bin/shif [ $# -ne 2 ] ; then
echo "Usage: `basename $0` <username> <passwd>" exit 1fi#echo "$2" | passwd --stdin "$1"
echo "$1:$2" | chpasswdif [ $? -eq 0 ] ; then echo "change password for $1 success"else echo "change password for $1 failed"fi 修改远程主机上用户密码:1、交互配置远程用户:echo <newpasswd> | ssh -l root <host> passwd --stdin <username>如:echo "newpass" | ssh -l root 10.11.103.151 passwd --stdin dewang password: Changing password for user dewang.passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.或echo <username>:<passwd> | ssh -l root <host> chpasswd 2>&1或将<username>:<passwd>对先写到一文件passwd.tmp中,然后执行chpasswd < passwd.tmp [作者未测试]或ssh -l root <host>.... 交互输入root密码然后执行以上的所有可用方式均可2、非交互配置远程用户:
则需要用到expect来进行处理,通过ssh登录到远程机器,然后结合上述配置方式,以完成自动修改用户密码。#!/usr/bin/expect to change user password by ssh remote machineproc usage {funcname} {
puts "Usage: " puts " $funcname <host> <username> <newpasswd> -user <userpasswd>" puts " $funcname <host> <username> <newpasswd> -root <rootpasswd>"}# check param
if { $argc != 5 } { usage $argv0 exit 1}# get param
set host [lindex $argv 0]set username [lindex $argv 1]set newpasswd [lindex $argv 2]set loginname "root"if { [string compare [lindex $argv 3] "-user"] == 0 } { set loginname $username}set passwd [lindex $argv 4]puts "$host $username $newpasswd $loginname $passwd"spawn ssh -l $loginname $host
expect { "*(yes/no)*" { send "yes\r"; set sshkey 1 }"*assword:*" { send "$passwd\r"; set sshkey 0 }if sshkey == 1 { expect "*password:*" send "$passwd\r"}}expect "*#"if { [string compare $loginname "root"] == 0 } {
#send "echo \"$username:$newpasswd\" | chpasswd\r" send "echo \"$newpasswd\" | passwd --stdin \"$username\"\r"} else { send "passwd\r" expect { "*current*assword:" {send "$passwd\r"} "passwd: Authentication token manipulation error" {exit} } expect "New*assword:" send "$newpasswd\r" expect "Retype*assword:" send "$newpasswd\r"}expect "*#"send "exit\r"#interact 是否将交互权接过来,如果接过来,则用户这时可进行交互操作